Norway
§ 11. The provisions of this chapter shall impose no further restriction of the author's rights pursuant to section 3 than that ensuing from section 29.
When a work is publicly reproduced pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, this may be done in the dimensions and form required for the purpose, but without thereby altering or prejudicing the character of the work. When a work is thus reproduced, the source shall always be stated in the manner required by proper usage.
§ 12. Provided this is not done for purposes of gain, single copies of a work that has been issued may be made for private use. Such copies may not be used for other purposes.
The provision in the first paragraph shall not confer a right to:
a) copy an architectural work through the construction of a building,
b) make machine-readable copies of computer programs, or
c) make copies of works of art by means of photocopying, taking a cast or impression, or by other similar means ofreproduction if the copy may be perceived as an original.
The provision in the first paragraph shall not confer a right to engage outside assistance to reproduce articles of artistichandicraft and applied art, sculpture, pictorial weavings or to make artistic reproductions of other works of art. Copies of musical works and cinematographic works may not be made by outside assistants participating for purposes of gain.
Making copies for use in educational activities
§ 13. Any person may for use in his own educational activities, by photocopying or similar means of reproduction, make copies of a published work, as well as make a fixation of a work that is included in a broadcast, if he fulfils the conditions for an extended collective licence pursuant to section 36, first paragraph. Works of pictorial art and photographic works may only be photocopied from a reproduction in a book, periodical, newspaper or similar printed publication. Nor does this provision confer a right to make a fixation of a cinematographic work which must be perceived as also intended for uses other than presentation via television, unless only minor parts of the work are used in the broadcast.
Fixation centres which are approved by the Ministry may, for use in educational activities, make fixations as specified in the first paragraph, if the centre fulfils the conditions for an extended collective licence pursuant to § 36, first paragraph.
Copies made pursuant to the first and second paragraphs may only be used in educational activities covered by the agreement under section 36.
The King will issue regulations concerning the storage and use of fixations. The King may decide that schools and othereducational institutions may make fixations for time-deferred use free of charge.
Teachers and pupils may make fixations of their own performances of works for educational use. Such fixations shall not be used for other purposes.
Photocopying in institutions, commercial enterprises, etc.
§ 14. Public and private institutions, organizations and commercial enterprises may, for use within their own activities, makecopies of a published work by photocopying or a similar means of reproduction, if they fulfil the conditions for an extended collective licence pursuant to section 36, first paragraph. Such copies may only be used within the activity which is covered by the agreement pursuant to section 36. Works of pictorial art and photographic works may only be copied from a reproduction in a book, periodical, newspaper or similar printed publication.
Fixations made in health institutions, etc.
§ 15. Health institutions, homes for the elderly, prisons and similar institutions may make fixations of works that are part of a broadcast for presentation within a short period of time in the institution.
The King will determine which institutions shall have the right to make fixations as specified in the first paragraph, and will issue regulations regarding the use and erasure of such fixations.
Making copies in archives, libraries and museums
§ 16. The King may issue rules regarding the right of archives, libraries and museums to make copies of works for conservation and safety purposes and other special purposes.
Making copies for the disabled
§ 17. From a published literary or scientific work or musical work copies intended for the use of the blind and persons whose sight is impaired may be made in a form other than a sound fixation. Published literary or scientific works may be reproduced on film, with or without sound, intended for the use of persons whose hearing or speech is impaired.
The provisions of the first paragraph shall not confer a right to reproduce copies which others have made with a particular view to the uses specified therein.
The King may decide that certain specified organizations and libraries shall, on stipulated terms, for the purpose of gratis lending to the disabled, have the right to make copies of published literary or scientific works by making a fixation on a device that can reproduce them. In connection with the text of such works, issued works of art and issued photographic works may be reproduced on the fixation. The author is entitled to remuneration to be paid by the State.
The King may issue regulations regarding the right to make a fixation of a published film or picture, with or without sound, and of a transmitted broadcasting programme not essentially consisting of musical works. Such regulations shall only apply to such use as is specified in the third paragraph, and only be applicable when the person making the fixation fulfils the conditions for an extended collective licence pursuant to section 36, first paragraph.
Collective works for use in education, etc.
§ 18. In a collective work, intended for use in religious services or in education, and consisting of works by a large number of authors, minor parts of literary or scientific works or musical works or short works of this kind, may be reproduced if five years have elapsed since the expiry of the year in which the particular work was published. In connection with the text of such works, works of art and photographic works may also be reproduced if five years have elapsed since the expiry of the year in which the work was issued. A work created for use in education shall not be reproduced in a collective work compiled for the same purpose.
Copies of a published work may be made for use in a public examination.
The author of the work shall be entitled to remuneration.
§ 19. When a copy of a work has been sold with the consent of the author, the copy may be further distributed amongst the public. The same shall apply to copies of issued works, and any copy of a work of art or photographic work which the author has assigned in any other way.
The provisions of the first paragraph shall not confer a rental right, except in respect of buildings and works of applied art. Nor do the provisions confer a lending right in respect of machine-readable copies of computer programs. Exchanges that are carried out as an organized activity shall be considered on a par with rental.
§ 20. If a work has been published, or if the author has assigned copies of a work of art or a photographic work, the copies may be publicly exhibited. Copies of issued works of art and of issued photographic works may be publicly exhibited in an educational context. This provision shall not confer a right to exhibit a copy of a work of art or a photographic work in a film or in a broadcast.
Performance in an educational context, etc.
§ 21. A published work may be performed publicly at religious services and in an educational context.
A published work may also be performed publicly:
a) at events where the performance of literary, scientific or artistic works is not the primary feature, provided that the audience is admitted free of charge, and the event is not even indirectly organized for purposes of gain,
b) at youth meetings that have not been arranged for purposes of gain.
This section shall not apply to cinematographic works or the stage performance of stage works. Nor shall the section confer a right to perform a work in a broadcast. The right to perform a work in an educational context shall not apply to performances within the framework of organized concerts.
§ 22. An issued work may be quoted, in accordance with proper usage and to the extent necessary to achieve the desired purpose.
§ 23. Issued works of art and issued photographic works may be reproduced in connection with the text of a critical or scientific treatise which is not of a generally informative character, when this is done in accordance with proper usage and to the extent necessary to achieve the desired purpose. Subject to the same limitation an issued photographic work may also be reproduced, on payment of remuneration, in critical or scientific treatises of a generally informative character and in order to clarify the text in publications intended for instructional use. An issued portrait may be reproduced in a publication containing biographical material.
Issued works of art and issued photographic works may be reproduced in newspapers, periodicals and broadcasts in connection with the reporting of a current event. However, this shall not apply to works that are created with a view to reproduction in newspapers, periodicals or broadcasts. The author shall be entitled to remuneration except in the case of a current event related to the work that is reproduced.
If a work of art or a photographic work has been published, or if the author has assigned a copy of such a work, the latter may be included in newspapers, periodicals, films or broadcasts, provided that the work forms part of the background or in like manner is of minor importance in the overall context.
§ 24. Works of art and photographic works which form part of a collection or which are exhibited or offered for sale may be depicted in catalogues of the collection and in announcements of the exhibition or sale.
Works of art and photographic works may also be depicted when they are permanently located in or near a public place or thoroughfare. However, this shall not apply when the work is clearly the main motif and the reproduction is exploited commercially.
Buildings may be freely depicted.
News report in a broadcast or film
§ 25. If the performance or exhibition of a work forms part of a current event which is broadcast or filmed, brief excerpts from the work, or the entire work if it is of minor extent, may be included in the broadcast or film. In cases where the performance or exhibition of the work only forms part of the background or in like manner is of minor importance compared to the main subject of the news report, the entire work may be reproduced.
Public proceedings, right of information, etc.
§ 26. Proceedings in public assemblies, boards, councils and the like, in meetings of elected public authorities, in court cases and in public meetings held to discuss questions of public interest, may, subject to the limitations ensuing from section 28, be made available to the public by any person without the author's consent. An author shall, however, retain the exclusive right to publish a compilation of his own statements.
§ 27. Protection pursuant to this Act shall not preclude access to documents pursuant to the Public Administration Act and the Freedom of Information Act or other legislation.
Nor shall the Act prevent a work from being used in connection with a search, an investigation or as evidence.
§ 28. The right to further reproduce documents invoked as evidence or as an expert opinion, etc. in such proceedings as are specified in section 26, and documents that may be inspected pursuant to legislation as specified in section 27, is dependent on the rules that otherwise apply. Nonetheless, such documents may be quoted in accordance with proper usage and to the extent necessary in order to describe the proceedings or the matter for which the document has relevance, even if the work has not been issued.