Sweden
(Act 1960:729, of December 30, 1960, as amended up to January 1, 1996).
Article 12. Anyone is entitled to make, for private purposes, single copies of works which have been made public. Such copies may not be used for other purposes.
The provisions in the first paragraph do not apply to computer programs and do not include a right to construct a work ofarchitecture.
The provisions in the first paragraph do not confer a right to engage, for private purposes, another person to
1. make copies of musical works or cinematographic works,
2. make useful articles or sculptures,
3. copy another person's artistic work by artistic reproduction.
Reproduction within Educational Activities
Article 13. Copies of published works may be prepared for educational purposes by means of reprographic reproduction and recordings may, f or the same purposes, be made of works broadcast by sound radio or television, if an extended collective agreement license applies under Article 26 i. The copies and recordings thus made may be used only in such educational activities which are covered by the agreement forming the basis for the extended collective agreement license.
The first paragraph does not apply if the author has filed a prohibition against such reproduction with any of the contracting parties.
Article 14. Teachers and pupils may for educational purposes make recordings of their own performances of works. Such recordings may not be used for other purposes.
Reproduction within Hospitals, etc.
Article 15. Hospitals and establishments for special service or care of elderly or disabled persons may make recordings of sound radio or television broadcasts. The recordings may be used only within the establishment and within a short time from the making of the recording.
Reproduction within Certain Archives and Libraries
Article 16. Those archives and libraries which are mentioned in the third and fourth paragraphs may make copies of works, with the exception of computer programs,
1. for purposes of preservation, completion or research,
2. of single articles or short extracts of works or of material which for
reasons of security must not be given away in the original form, for delivery
to users, or
3. for use in reading devices.
Reproduction as mentioned in the first paragraph items 2. and 3. may be carried out only by means of reprography.
Right to make copies according to this Article have
1. governmental and municipal archival authorities,
2. the National Archive for Recorded Sound and Moving Images,
3. such scientific and research libraries which are operated by public
authorities, and
4. public libraries.
The Government may in specific cases grant also certain archives and libraries other than those mentioned in the third paragraph a right to make copies under this Article.
Reproduction for Visually Handicapped Persons, etc.
Article 17. Anyone is entitled to make copies printed in braille of published literary and musical works.
The Government may in specific cases grant libraries and organizations a right to make copies of published literary works by means of recording of a recitation of the work or by means of a transfer from another recording, for lending to visually handicapped persons and other disabled persons who are not able to acquaint themselves with the works in written form, Such copying must, however, not take place in respect of works of which recordings have been put on the market.
Composite Works for Use in Educational Activities
Article 18. Anyone who, for use in educational activities, prepares a composite work consisting of works by a comparatively large number of authors may, in that work, use minor portions of literary and musical works or short works of any of those categories, provided that five years have elapsed from the publication of those vorks. Artistic works may be used in connection with the text, provided that five years have elapsed from their being made available to the public. The authors are entitled to remuneration.
The provisions of the first paragraph do not apply to works which have been created for use in educational activities.
Article 19. When a copy of a literary or musical work or a work of fine arts has been transferred with the consent of the author, that copy may be further distributed. However, as regards copies of computer programs the further distribution is, instead, allowed after the copy has, with the consent of the author, been transferred within the European Economic Area.
The provisions in the first paragraph do not constitute a right to make available to the public
1. copies of works, with the exception of buildings and works of applied
art, through rental or similar acts, or
2. copies of computer programs in machine-readable form, through lending.
Article 20. When a work has been published, those copies wich are included in the publication may be publicly exhibited. The same applies when the author has transferred copies of a work of fine arts.
The provisions of the first paragraph do not confer a right to exhibit copies of works of fine arts through a film or a televisions broadcast. Copies of works of fine arts referred to in the first paragraph may, however, be included in a film or a television broadcast provided that such inclusion is of minor importance in relation to the contents of the film or the television program.
Article 21. Anyone may publicly perform published works
1. on occasions when the performance of such works is not the main feature
of the event, provided that no admission fee is charged and the event is
not for profit, and
2. in educational activities and for divine services.
The provisions of the first paragraph do not apply to dramatic works or cinematographic works and do not confer a right to use works in sound radio or television.
Article 22. Anyone may, in accordance with proper usage and to the extent necessary for the purpose, make quotations from works which have been made available to the public.
Use of Works of Fine Arts and of Buildings
Article 23. Works of fine arts which have been made available to the public may be used
1. in connection with the text in critical or scientific presentations,
2. in newspapers or periodicals in connection with reports on current news
events, except if the work has been created specifically for reproduction
in such a publication.
The provisions of the first paragraph apply only if the use is carried out in conformity with proper usage and to the extent called for by the informatory purpose.
Article 24. Works of fine arts may be reproduced in pictorial form and then made available to the public
1. when they are permanently situated outdoors on or at a public place, or
2. if they are exhibited, placed on sale or form part of a collection, but
in such cases only in notices concerning the exhibition or sale and in
catalogues.
Buildings may be freely reproduced in pictorial form and then made available to the public.
Article 25. Works which are seen or heard in the course of an event may be used in connection with information concerning the event through sound radio, television, direct transmission or film. The works may, however, be used only to the extent justified by the informatory purpose.
Public Debates, Public Documents, etc.
Article 26. Anyone is entitled to reproduce or otherwise make use of oral or written statements
1. before public authorities,
2. in government or municipal representative bodies,
3. in public debates on public matters,
4. at public questionings on such matters.
However, in the application of the provisions in the first paragraph it shall be observed,
1. that writings cited as evidence, reports and similar works may be used
only in connection with a report concerning the legal proceeding or case
in which they have appeared and only to the extent necessary for the purpose
of such a report,
2. that the author has an exclusive right to publish compilations of his
statements, and
3. that what is stated during questionings as mentioned in the first paragraph,
item 4. must not be used, on the basis of that provision, in sound radio
or television broadcasts.
Article 26 a. Anyone is entitled to reproduce or otherwise make use of works which form part of the documents mentioned in Article 9, first paragraph, and which are of the kind mentioned in Article 9, second paragraph, items 2 to 4. The author is entitled to remuneration except when the use occurs in connection with
1. the activities of a public authority,
2. a report of the legal proceeding or case in which the work appears and
the work is used only to the extent necessary for the informatory purpose.
Anyone is entitled to reproduce or otherwise make use of documents which are prepared by Swedish public authorities but which are not such as are mentioned in Article 9, first paragraph.
The second paragraph does not apply to
1. maps,
2. technical models,
3. computer programs,
4. works created for educational purposes,
5. works which are the result of scientific research,
6. works of drawing, painting or engraving,
7. musical works,
8. works of poetry, or
9. works copies of which are made available to the public through public
authorities in connection with commercial activities.
Article 26 b. Notwithstanding copyright therein, official documents shall be made available to the public as prescribed in Chapter 2 of the Freedom of the Press Act.
Copyright in a photographic work does not prevent the use of the work in the interest of justice or public security.